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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00201_Field_frep110y.txt
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1996-12-30
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THE HERING THEORY
In the second half of the
nineteenth century, a second
school of thought arose parallel
to, but until recently seemingly
irreconcilable with, the Young-
Helmholtz color theory. Ewald
Hering (1834-1918) interpreted
the results of color mixing by
proposing the existence, in the
eye, brain, or both, of three
opponent processes, one for
red-green sensation, one for
yellow-blue, and a third,
qualitatively different from the
first two, for black-white.
Hering was impressed by the
nonexistence of any colors--
and the impossibility of even
imagining any colors--that
could be described as
yellowish-blue or reddish-
green and by the apparent
mutual canceling of blue and
yellow or of red and green when
they are added together in the
right proportions, with
complete elimination of hue--
that is, with the production of
white. Hering envisioned the
red-green and yellow-blue
processes as independent, in
that blue and red do add to give
bluish-red, or purple; similarly
red added to yellow gives
orange; green added to blue
gives bluish-green; green and
yellow gives greenish-yellow.
In Hering's system, yellow,
blue, red, and green could be
thought of as "primary" colors.
Anyone looking at orange can
imagine it to be the result of
mixing red and yellow, but no
one looking at red or blue would
see it as the result of mixing
any other colors. (The feeling
that some people have that
green looks like yellow added to
blue is probably related to their
childhood experience with
paint boxes.) Hering's notions
of red-green and yellow-blue
processes seemed to many to be
disconcertingly dependent on
intuitive impressions about
color, but it is surprising how
good the agreement is among
people asked to select the point
on the spectrum where blue is
represented, untainted by any
subjective trace of green or
yellow. The same is so for
yellow and green. With red,
subjects again agree, this time
insisting that some violet be
added to counteract the slight
yellowish appearance of long-
wavelength light. (It is this
subjective red that when added
to green gives white; ordinary
(spectral) red added to green
gives yellow.)